COVID-19 has created an adverse impact on the lives of people all around the world. Due to the outbreak of a pandemic, many business sectors and economies are affected in a drastic manner. Due to its extensive spread, people are advised to maintain the social distancing in the market or are asked to stay at home. This had led the business houses to opt out of E-Commerce in this pandemic situation. Nowadays, people are accessing Smartphones or Tablets with an Internet connection, which enables them to buy products online.

In the context of modern India, it is widely accepted that nobody should be left out of coverage of banks and banking services – access to timely credit, deposits, insurance etc. It does not however imply that the access to affordable finances implies access only to banks but also the non-banking sector, given that there is a continued reliance on the latter in most sectors which are vital for development. Need for financial inclusion has only gone up in recent times as the financial system diversified over time. In this research paper, the authors analyzed India’s journey so far, bringing out a few ignored factors which in their opinion appear to have an effect on the process of inclusion. The paper attempts to show that there are certain nonfinancial macroeconomic, infrastructural, and technological bottleneck that obstructs the momentum of the inclusion process. The data for the current analysis has been sourced from secondary sources available in public domain on the official websites of the Reserve Bank of India, CSO and NPCI. An exploratory ex-post-facto approach is followed as the methodology in order to arrive at the desired results. The paper adds to the existing literature by giving a broad overview of how the Indian Financial Journey has been so far and stresses what more can be done vis-à-vis shortcomings noted and opines that India has gained a lot by focusing more on Financial Inclusion after the economy opened up than when it was a closed economy.

Microfinance organizations (MFIs) are trying different things with imaginative credit items that money the acquisition of the front line supportive of helpless energy and water advances. These items can consequently improve the existence of poor people and empower MFIs to show further social, financial, and ecological effect. Energy, water and sterilization are inseparably connected with each other to have them is a pointer of success and to need them is a marker of destitution. Analysts have discovered that there is an away from between absence of admittance to energy and water and different imbalances in human turn of events - and that elevating admittance to energy and water is fundamental to destitution decrease endeavors. Measurements and other information from the energy, water and disinfection areas show both the greatness of the issue and the chances that handling them present. Hence this paper centers on Trends, Challenges and Opportunities of miniature account and supportable advancement in Asia.

The present paper focuses on the emerging issues and challenges in HRM in the current pandemic scenario. There has been a dramatic change caused in this pandemic environment which has unprecedented implications on business organizations and has influenced human resource management intensely. It is seen that the HRM needs to take a lead with a “human-focused” approach in the present vague situation helping out the people to cope with stress and to continue with working from remote without affecting the business operations of the organization. Added, the HRM has to poise with the unexpected dismissal and decrease of the staff during the pandemic lockdown. The sudden shift in the work culture has bought in challenges for HR to sustain organizational operations in times of uncertainty. This paper is not on the usual HR challenges of recruitment, training, development, performance assessment or building a balanced bridge between the employers and employees. It focuses on the current crisis that the organizations are confronting and also highlights HR challenges and measures to overcome them.

About the last year, more than 180 nations are in the same line of threat by the disastrous pandemic of Corona Virus Disease 2019 or the COVID-19. The impact and shocks created by this on the polity, society, and economy at the global level are highly overwhelming. There is a high unprecedented collapse in the global supply chains. It is therefore much care is required for economic intervention in this area. It is the same fruit of globalization that makes the issue worse and in this modern globalized world, cross-country linkages were the major route of these supply chains. Looking much into the developing economy of India, what are the major problems and impact of the pandemic on the economy briefly elucidates as even in 2008, amidst the problem of a demand shock, employment was more or less affected in the country. But now it comes to stagnation in real effect. Moreover, this issue is also a reverberation of supply shock with a simultaneous presence of subdued demand and production slowdown. That is the overall growth of the economy is grinding to a halt. It is very important to analyze the economic impact of COVID-19 on the actual and expected growth rate in the Indian economy to understand how much and to what extent the pandemic worsened the existing situation of economic slowdown in the country. The need for this anomalous analysis is to be done in order to find an answer to the much-debated political and economic policies of the present government in power, so it could be more a political question that is of clear righteousness. In this paper, we would look more at the pragmatic need of the policy reforms to trim down the negative effect of the pandemic on the economy and to bring back the equilibrium which is clearly being traumatized. The paper also tries to explain the implication of the policy changes not only in a micro-level rather concentrating on a macroeconomic perspective. It would be clear throughout the analysis that an unblemished and sturdy expansionary policy is crucial for macroeconomic management and need to be coherently coordinated with monetary and exchange rate policy for boundless impact.

Digitalization is the process through which the adoption of new technologies or methods used in the business process. Nowadays, the availability of high-speed data and E-commerce technologies are transforming the entire economy and adopting innovative business models. Due to the change in behavior of the customers due to the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, businesses are adopting innovative way of technologies as per the preference of the customers. In this paper, we have mainly discussed digitalization and its impact on the buying behavior of the customer. The study also reveals that digitalization helps people to make transactions using e-wallets even in this pandemic situation. In earlier, it is impossible to avail moratorium in the banks, but now it is easy for the people to avail the moratorium even without stepping into banks, this is because of the digitalization process. In this study, we can understand that most of the customers have access to digital services but lacks awareness in digital transactions.

COVID - 19, a global pandemic outbreak all over the world and has affected every country in the world. Because of this pandemic, most of the schools and colleges are remain closed from the month of March 2020. In this paper, we have mainly discussed, How Higher Education is affected and the need for alternative solutions for the students in learning. To maintain social distancing which is the main reason for the closure of schools and colleges, so we are analyzing the alternative measures in educating the students through other modes of teaching. In this study, we are also analyzing the various challenges faced by the students and teachers in online teaching. We strongly recommend every Education Institution to equip with necessary online facilities which will help the students to continue the education without any disruptions in the future.

A problem confronted by the majority of people is loss of availability of wholesome foods or without difficulty organized ingredients for the duration of adolescence, Humans are assuming duty for their own consumption habits, health-associated attitudes, and behaviors, and their growing independence is regularly associated with unconventional ingesting styles. The aim of this observe became to detect the impact of information on nutrition and affecting healthy food picks on post-COVID-19 in Chennai town. Nutrition education for students needs to incorporate self-efficacy, applicable fitness values and limitations-to-trade, education approximately vitamins and stepped forward get right of entry to healthy ingredients.

Purpose: The purpose of the paper is to examine behavioural aspects of people who work from home, and also those who are under lockdown for the Coronavirus pandemic. This we make out from a survey of people from different walks of life and concerned with a future they want. Methods and Materials: Essentially, a survey of 210 participants (183 Indians and 27 NRIs abroad), using a custom-designed questionnaire. Responses have been solicited using WhatsApp, on sending the questionnaire in Google Forms. The questionnaire has 35 questions, for collecting information on a variety of aspects, but particularly about their fears, confidences, worries, mental stress and trauma and how they have coped with their situation. Results and Discussion: Two hundred and ten people of all ages, 21-66 years, with about 69 per cent men and about 31 per cent rest women, and about 87 per cent Indians and about 13 per cent NRIs abroad, relate their positive as well as negative experiences. Professionals of 46 different sectors of the economy, with four-fifths of them working from home, they (90.9 per cent of them) speak of home as a safe zone. Yet, with three-fifths of them clearly understanding the seriousness of the situation and the pandemic crisis, about 57 per cent of them disturbed by the pandemic, they are burdened by work, feeling lonely (34.4 per cent) under lockdown, their family has people with psychological trauma (26 per cent), elderly with health concerns (in 28.5 per cent of their households), experiencing financial strains and loss (37.5 per cent of them), and yet spending quality time with family and children (62.3 per cent). They have troubled sleeping patterns (47 per cent) but take precautions for overcoming the virus (about 90 per cent), taking immune boosting foods (97 per cent), and taking care of the elderly (72 per cent). But the mixed situation at home and outdoors cause considerable behavioural changes and adjustments. This paper speaks of the behavioural aspects of the situation with revealed perceptions of people at home under lockdown.

Geography is what geographers do. Do I do geography? Yes, I do. What geography do I then do and how? The focus of my paper is on the Paradigms in Geography, the issues and opportunities. The paper discusses the meanings of paradigms in geography and also practices, issues and opportunities they offer such that an individual teacher, researcher and practitioner of geography could speak of her/his paradigms and those of her/his collaborators in the enterprise of ‘knowing-doing geography’. My Geographies My geography is principally one that tries to understand perceptible phenomena which could be explained towards making a theory or could be validated by using a theoretical underpinning. Most often I try to understand the phenomena, whatever may be their descriptions, the best I can by explaining ‘how they work’ and ‘to what end’. There is, at the back of mind, a sense of the theory of relationships and an urge to understand their (phenomena’s) appearance, inner logic, possible developments, and rational management - the four levels of understanding defined as description (of facts), explanation (of relationships), prediction (of possibilities) and prescription (of goals). Science and Reasoning What is science? You see something happen, you ask why?You want to make something happen, you ask how? So, science is a tool for answering why and how. And Science is a tool for telling you what works!How do you know if your theory (idea, model, hypothesis) is right?You can test it! That is how you come to know your theory is right (or wrong). A scientific theory must do two things: (a) Explain what is seen; and (b) Predict what will happen in the future. It is my reasoning of geography that brings about the paradigms I practice and write about. For me, a paradigm is a constellation of ideas, which gives me issues to deal with, opportunities to probe them, and if I ever succeed in my efforts then I find solutions for some of the problems I deal with in my everyday life, in space and time I live and have a ‘lived experience’. My paradigms give me problems as well as solutions, for solutions are within the problems and in those who create/make problems. Moreoftenthan not I explain things, rather than predict, which I rarely do, if ever. But there is this prediction, always at the back of mind, for without it I cannot prescribe, for prescribing solutions for the problems I study is my business as a teacher, researcher and practitioner. Paradigms in Geography A paradigm is an implicit body of intertwined theories and methodologies that permits selection, evaluation and criticism (Thomas Kuhn, 1949). The generally accepted perspective of a particular discipline at a given time, in popular use, may be a paradigm. In geography, as in other disciplines, paradigms establish the rules and boundaries for the way we see things. But these keep changing over time and with increasing knowledge and improving means of doing things. There are always paradigm shifts, which are significant changes in thinking that result in completely changed views or outlook, a radical replacement sometimes of a way of thinking or organizing: old ways get replaced by new ways. Geography is Multi-Paradigmatic, Integrated and Multi-disciplinary Geography is multi-paradigmatic, being an integrated, multidisciplinary discipline. There are two major types of paradigm, in geography, as shown below. As the intention here is only to indicate that the geographical paradigms have changed and there were shifts, no elaborate discussion is attempted on the capitalist and radical paradigms. Suffice it to say that the two have been in practice, for a long time and also now. The Two Major Types of Paradigm in Geography are: • Capitalist Paradigm • Free Market, Anti-Collectivist • Social Darwinism, Neo-Malthusian • Liberal Interventionists • Radical Paradigm • Dependency Analysts • Marxists But I am no radical geographer (neither dependency analyst nor Marxist). I am an Establishment Geographer and I follow what most others practising geography – the Geographers who are followers rather than leaders – know and do: My knowing-and-doing is restricted to paradigms of normal geographers, not revolutionary geographers. There have been several paradigms in the history of geography and they are as follows: Also, when we look closely at what has been happening in geographical research in the last few years, the overwhelming paradigm of the last two decades has been that of sustainable development. The strands are: ? The 1990s - One world, Our Common Future, Sustainable Development ? The 2000s - Sustainable development – Agenda 21 to Action 21, MDGs ? The 2010s - Sustainable Development Goals Being a science concerned with the environment and development, geography has taken on the task of researching sustainable development in a big way. Case studies discussed here are a part of this effort, with participatory approaches for field-to-theory and community engagement. I speak of the issues that I have dealt with in my research and the opportunities I have had to both explain and to a certain extent predict and prescribe. I have been a complete geographer, because of what I have known and what I have done: knowing-doing-knowing has been my job.

Tax revenue and non-tax revenue are the major sources of the revenue receipt of the Government. Its volume is determined by the needs and policies of the Government. The Government expenditure is ever demanding and ever ending due to the implementation of many populist programmes in the country that is, the expenditure is increasing due to expanding State activities which pilot to a change in government revenues with reasonable tax level. It is noted that the determination of public expenditure leads to the consequent increase in tax burden within the community. This article attempts to analyse the revenue position of the Government of India during the post-reform periods and highlighting the Covid-19 periods

There is an increased use of the phrase “new normal” in the current times to refer to the state of the economies in Africa. The word normal in its formal meaning is linked to terms such as “usual”, “regular”, “standard”, “customary”, “expected” and “accustomed” among others. Generally, a normal outcome is preferred over any other outcome. If something is not normal it is a defect, it has deviated and ways to have it corrected are usually sort as a remedy. A positive deviation may be acceptable, however, in a careful manner, checking possible future effects. The “new normal” concept now exists to praise what is not normal by making it acceptable as the new version of normality. In the name of ‘new normal, it is increasingly being noticed of ‘inefficiency’ being labelled as new normal, hence no effective remedies sort to address the deviation. Many development indicators for African nations indicates low levels of performance, a lot being caused by instability and bad policies. Without adequate effort to address the problems, policymakers and authorities have been always busy preaching the gospel of ‘new normal’, to force the general populace to accept and settle for economic and social conditions brought about by inefficiency. African states are characterized by high levels of unemployment and poverty, civil wars and instability, unstable currencies, unfair income distribution, nepotism and corruption, infrastructure deficits, among other negative indicators. The study argues that the prevailing conditions in African states should never be linked to the term ‘new normal’ rather what is required is to make appropriate development policies to turn the economies on the right path that is sustainable. Noted drivers of inefficiency in African states include poor governance, weak institutions, poor policy formulation and implementation, low private sector engagement, low regional and international cooperation, political will among many others. The study recommends various measures that may be taken to correct the economic and social conditions of African states hence enabling the attainment of positive development results.